On June 14, 2016, the D.C. Court of Appeals ruled 2-1 in favor of the Federal Communication Commission’s (FCC) net neutrality rules, which the commission approved on February 26, 2015 (published March 12, 2015). This reclassified broadband internet access service (BIAS) as a telecommunications service under Title II of the Communications Act, affording the FCC greater regulatory authority over Internet Service Providers (ISPs) or BIAS providers. In response to the reclassification, the United States Telecom Association, a trade group representing various telecomm giants, joined by other companies and groups, filed a Protective Petition for Review of FCC’s net neutrality rules.