On June 4, 2026, Texas Attorney General (AG) Ken Paxton announced an investigation into Celsius Holdings, Inc. (Celsius) regarding the marketing of its Alani Nu energy drinks and whether the company misrepresents their safety to teens and children, in violation of the Texas Deceptive Trade Practices Act (DTPA). The Texas AG stated that the probe was prompted by the tragic death of a 17-year-old Texas cheerleader, whose family filed a wrongful death lawsuit claiming she died from an enlarged heart allegedly caused by excessive caffeine consumption.
Link to Investigation Investigation
A focus of the Texas AG’s investigation into Celsius will be to identify whether the products marketed to teens and children are potentially harmful, since each can contains 200mg of caffeine, which has been identified as a dangerous level of caffeine for children. Additionally, the Texas AG outlines that Celsius utilizes colorful and youth-oriented branding to appeal to young consumers, while also omitting any warnings about heart-health risks, beyond just listing the caffeine amount.
Link to Additional Scrutiny Related to Minor Safety Additional Scrutiny Related to Minor Safety
The Texas AG’s investigation follows a consistent theme of states scrutinizing whether companies’ activities are harmful to minors. Numerous states have ramped up enforcement against e-cigarette manufacturers and retailers for allegedly marketing to minors and allegedly failing to verify their consumers’ ages, which therefore failed to protect minors from addictive tobacco products. These actions have continued as recently as April 2026, when a bipartisan coalition of 25 AGs urged credit card companies to join their efforts to protect young people from vaping products by preventing the use of their payment methods for these purchases.
The enforcement landscape for youth-directed marketing extends well beyond beverages. Social media companies and app stores have recently become the focus of legislative and enforcement action to ensure the safety of minors. New Mexico recently won a first-of-its-kind trial against a social media company for misleading consumers and endangering children, with civil penalties totaling $375 million, and the Texas AG recently secured a temporary stay of an injunction, which now allows its App Store Accountability Act legislation to become effective in the meantime. This act requires app store owners to use commercially reasonable methods to identify a user’s age and requires parental notice and approval of an app’s rating, among other things.
Link to Why It Matters Why It Matters
The Celsius investigation underscores broader trends in state consumer protection enforcement. Regulators are paying close attention to products with risks for minors, whether those risks involve health, online activity, or other concerns. Particularly where branding and digital marketing may attract younger audiences, it is critical for companies to ensure they are fairly and accurately representing their products.
This Texas investigation, like many other AG investigations, continues to signal that state AGs are prepared to use general consumer protection statutes like the DTPA to scrutinize youth-facing marketing and product safety practices across the consumer marketplace.
Troutman Pepper Locke State Attorneys General Team
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Ashley Taylor – Co-leader and Firm Vice Chair Ashley is co-leader of the firm’s nationally ranked State Attorneys General practice, vice chair of the firm, and a partner in its Regulatory Investigations, Strategy + Enforcement (RISE) Practice Group. He helps his clients navigate the complexities involved with multistate attorneys general investigations and enforcement actions, federal agency actions, and accompanying litigation. |
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Clay Friedman – Co-leader Clay co-leads the firm’s State Attorneys General practice and is nationally ranked by Chambers USA for AG Government Relations and in Best Lawyers for Advertising Law. He has dedicated his entire career to state attorney general and federal work, serving for nearly a decade in a senior role and more than 25+ years in private practice. Clay focuses his practice on helping industry-leading companies mitigate the risks associated with state and federal regulatory investigations and associated litigation. |
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Chris Carlson Chris advises clients on regulatory, civil, and criminal investigations and litigation. With a background as an assistant attorney general, he provides practical guidance to clients with matters involving state attorneys general and federal regulatory agencies. |
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Lauren Fincher Lauren has vast experience handling state attorneys general investigations, navigating complex regulatory compliance matters, and providing strategic counsel in enforcement actions across various industries. She helps clients manage high-stakes regulatory matters and guides them through complex legal landscapes. |
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Stephen Piepgrass Stephen leads the firm’s Regulatory Investigations, Strategy + Enforcement (RISE) Practice Group, representing clients in single and multistate enforcement actions, including inquiries and investigations, as well as litigation involving state attorneys general and other state and federal governmental enforcement bodies. He has significant experience handling actions with federal agencies, including the CFPB and FTC, as well as single plaintiff and class action litigation for clients in highly regulated sectors such as financial services, health care, pharmaceutical, and education. |
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Michael Yaghi Mike handles high-profile state attorneys general, FTC, and CFPB investigations by advising clients through these complex government inquiries. He assists clients through the entire life cycle of investigations, from regulatory enforcement through formal litigation. |
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Matthew J. Berns Drawing on his experience in senior leadership roles in the New Jersey Attorney General’s and Governor’s Offices and as a trial attorney for the U.S. Department of Justice, Matt provides an insider’s perspective when guiding clients through complex government investigations, litigation, and other actions. |
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Samuel E. “Gene” Fishel Gene is a former regulator with two decades of experience who has overseen state privacy and cybersecurity regulation enforcement, led national, multistate attorneys general privacy investigations, and prosecuted computer crimes at the state and federal levels. He has served at the forefront of state attorney general and federal enforcement, and utilizes this experience to proficiently represent client interests. |
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Jeff Johnson Jeff helps clients navigate complex regulatory and litigation challenges with local, state, and federal authorities. His clients benefit from his decade of broad litigation experience, understanding of emerging state and federal regulatory issues, and strong relationships with attorneys general across the U.S. In addition to handling cases from trial through state or federal appeals, Jeff serves as amicus counsel in advancing legal rules to support his clients’ vital interests. |
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Jay Myers Jay assists clients in heavily regulated industries, including health care, energy, insurance, emerging industries, and data privacy. He provides both regulatory legal advice and government relations strategies. Jay’s past and current clients include Fortune 10 companies, startups, nonprofits, industry associations, and advocacy groups. Recognizing that state government matters are often complex and multifaceted, he utilizes regulatory guidance, government advocacy, or both in tandem to deliver tailored solutions for each client’s unique needs. |
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Zoe Schloss Zoe represents clients in litigation and government investigations. As former deputy attorney general for the Delaware Department of Justice, she is an experienced litigator who understands the enforcement priorities that impact her clients. Zoe works with individuals and corporate entities in highly regulated industries, including financial services, health care, and energy. |
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Jessica Birdsong Jessica is an associate in the firm’s Regulatory Investigations, Strategy + Enforcement Practice Group. She received her J.D. from the University of Richmond School of Law, magna cum laude, where she served as associate articles editor of the Journal of Law & Technology. |
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Sydney Goldberg Sydney is an associate in the firm’s Regulatory Investigations, Strategy + Enforcement (RISE) Practice Group. She has additional experience assisting with corporate transactions and finance matters. |
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Troy Homesley Troy is an accomplished litigator who has represented and defended clients across a wide range of complex, high-stakes disputes at both the trial and appellate levels. He has represented technology companies, business executives, law firms, investment funds, high-ranking federal officials, international non-profits, and asylum seekers. Troy draws on his broad litigation experience to advise clients before litigation arises, while claims are pending or threatened, and leading up to and through trial and appeals. |
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Namrata Kang Namrata (Nam) is an associate in the firm’s Regulatory Investigations, Strategy + Enforcement (RISE) Practice Group, based in the Washington, D.C. office. She routinely advises clients on a wide variety of state and federal regulatory matters, with a particular emphasis on state consumer protection laws relating to consumer financial services and marketing and advertising. Nam’s experience transcends multiple industries, including financial services, telecommunications, media, and sports betting. |
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Michael Lafleur Michael is an associate in the firm’s Regulatory Investigations, Strategy, and Enforcement Practice Group. Based out of the firm’s Boston office, Mike has deep experience in litigation, investigations, and other regulatory matters involving state-level regulators and state attorneys general. |
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William LaRosa Bill represents clients in complex regulatory investigations, state attorneys general matters, and enforcement proceedings, drawing on his experience as a former assistant U.S. attorney and private sector litigator in high stakes, multistate AG and regulatory matters. |
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Philip Nickerson Philip represents clients in sectors such as financial, tech, real estate, and energy in a range of litigation matters. He is experienced in matters involving trade secrets, government investigations, commercial contracts, construction and product defect. |
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Lane Page Lane specializes in federal and state regulatory investigations and complex civil litigation. He focuses on representing financial institutions and other businesses, with a particular emphasis on consumer protection and fair lending issues. |
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Dascher Pasco Dascher is an attorney within the Regulatory Investigations, Strategy, and Enforcement practice, based in the Richmond office. She joined our firm after working in personal injury and medical malpractice for a Virginia trial law firm. Dascher brings varied legal experience to the firm with strong litigation and regulatory strategy capabilities. |
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Kyara Rivera Rivera Kyara is an associate in the firm’s Regulatory Investigations, Strategy + Enforcement Practice Group. She received her J.D. from the University of Richmond School of Law, cum laude, where she served as publications and online editor of the Public Interest Law Review. |
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Timothy Shyu Timothy is an associate in the firm’s Regulatory Investigations, Strategy + Enforcement Practice Group. |
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Trey Smith Trey focuses his practice on representing and advising regulated utilities before state public utility commissions. He routinely helps clients obtain certificates of public convenience and necessity for transmission infrastructure. In this role, Trey works with his clients’ subject-matter experts to manage administrative proceedings, including by preparing initial filings; responding to discovery requests; drafting rebuttal testimony; and litigating any disputed issues. |
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Daniel Waltz Dan helps clients navigate all aspects highly regulated relationships between industry participants and federal, state and local governments. Whether engaging with regulators, negotiating transactions or representing clients in the courtroom, he delivers solutions that help his clients achieve their strategic goals. |
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Stephanie Kozol Stephanie is Troutman Pepper Locke’s senior government relations manager in the state attorneys general department. |