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Reg BI Enforcement Intensifies: SEC Fines Western International Securities for Violating Care and Compliance Obligations

By Tracy S. Combs, Steven M. Malina, William Mack & Benjamin Cohen on August 8, 2024
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On July 30, 2024, the SEC announced it had reached a settlement agreement with Western, a dually registered investment adviser and broker-dealer providing investment advice and brokerage services to retail customers, for allowing a former representative to engage in a strategy of day-trading options that the SEC contended was not in retail customers’ best interests.

Continue reading the full GT Alert.

Photo of Tracy S. Combs Tracy S. Combs

Tracy serves as Co-Managing Shareholder of the Salt Lake City office. A former Regional Director at the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, she represents corporations, financial institutions, and individuals in a wide range of federal and state government investigations, litigation, and regulatory inquiries…

Tracy serves as Co-Managing Shareholder of the Salt Lake City office. A former Regional Director at the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, she represents corporations, financial institutions, and individuals in a wide range of federal and state government investigations, litigation, and regulatory inquiries nationwide, including those involving the SEC, the Department of Justice, and state Attorneys General. She also counsels clients in complex business disputes, tort litigation, and cybersecurity matters. As Utah Business Journal’s Legal Elite edition stated in 2025, Tracy can “navigate a wide range of legal situations and…easily handle a crisis for any client.”

Tracy joined GT after an eight-year tenure at the SEC, where she served in a variety of roles in San Francisco and Salt Lake City. Most recently, Tracy served as Director of the SEC’s Salt Lake Regional Office, where she oversaw some of its most high-profile cases. As a former SEC trial and investigative attorney in San Francisco, Tracy brought several groundbreaking enforcement actions, including the SEC’s first public company cybersecurity disclosure case and its first “shadow” insider trading case. Tracy served for three years in the Division of Enforcement’s former Cyber Unit, where she co-led its Cybersecurity & Regulated Entities group. In 2021 to 2022, Tracy served as counsel to the Director of Enforcement, advising on priority matters and coordinating with the SEC’s criminal and civil law enforcement partners nationwide.

Prior to her government service, Tracy was a litigator at a large law firm in Philadelphia and New York, with a focus on high-stakes white collar criminal matters, securities class actions, and complex commercial disputes, and clerked for the Honorable Luis Felipe Restrepo in the U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania.

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Photo of Steven M. Malina Steven M. Malina

Steven M. Malina, a former Senior Attorney in the SEC’s enforcement branch, focuses his practice on a variety of litigation and regulatory matters with representations of financial services industry clients, hedge fund matters, and securities and general commercial litigation. He represents officers, directors,

…

Steven M. Malina, a former Senior Attorney in the SEC’s enforcement branch, focuses his practice on a variety of litigation and regulatory matters with representations of financial services industry clients, hedge fund matters, and securities and general commercial litigation. He represents officers, directors, broker-dealers, investment advisors, commercial banks, investment banks, investment management firms, and public issuers in investigations and disciplinary proceedings initiated by the SEC, CFTC, FINRA, FDIC, NYSE, CBOE, CME, and state regulators. In addition, Steve represents clients in related investor class-action, derivative, and other litigation and arbitration. He has also conducted internal investigations on behalf of publicly traded companies and represented committees and executive officers in internal investigations. Steve has represented brokerage firms and their management in customer-initiated cases, and injunction and arbitration proceedings.

Prior to entering private practice, Steve served as First Vice President and Deputy Regional Counsel for a large financial corporation and was a Senior Attorney in the Branch of Enforcement of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission.

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Photo of William Mack William Mack

William B. Mack is a co-chair of the Financial Regulatory & Compliance Practice. He is experienced in advising companies on regulatory and compliance matters relating to the Securities and Exchange Commission regulations, the Exchange Act, Anti-Money Laundering laws and Financial Industry Regulatory Authority

…

William B. Mack is a co-chair of the Financial Regulatory & Compliance Practice. He is experienced in advising companies on regulatory and compliance matters relating to the Securities and Exchange Commission regulations, the Exchange Act, Anti-Money Laundering laws and Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (FINRA) rules.

William’s practice involves all aspects of broker-dealer regulation, including Self-Regulatory Organization (SRO) membership, supervision, employment, research, soft dollar arrangements, chaperoning of foreign broker-dealers, social media, use of foreign finders, anti-money laundering rules, alternative trading systems (ATS), exchanges, and market making issues. He also provides regulatory guidance to investment banking clients in connection with securities offerings and related trading issues.

William advises firms in the FINRA new membership (NMA) and the continuing membership (CMA) processes. William assists firms to develop or amend their written supervisory procedures and compliance manuals.

William routinely represents clients who are negotiating placement agent agreements, foreign finders agreements, clearing agreements, agreements with registered representatives and expense-sharing agreements.

William assists broker-dealers and their associated persons to respond to regulatory examinations and inquiries and provides effective representation in a range of enforcement proceedings with the SEC, FINRA, NYSE, state and foreign regulatory authorities. He regularly prepares and defends witnesses in FINRA on-the-record interviews and SEC testimony. Enforcement matters have involved issues including market manipulation, supervision, customer defalcations, insider trading, anti-money laundering, distribution of unregistered securities, direct market access, market making, soft dollar arrangements, cross border trading, electronic intrusion and customer impersonation, sales practices, supervision, private placements, ETFs, indexes, and other securities products.

William regularly addresses questions with respect to what activities require or are exempt from broker-dealer registration. William assists firms in obtaining guidance, interpretive letters, and no-action relief from FINRA and the SEC with respect to novel securities issues and the creation of new products and services. William also advises clients on cryptocurrency, tokenization, NFTs, DeFi structures, and digital asset exchanges and trading.

Prior to joining the firm, William was a Principal Counsel for Enforcement at FINRA. Before FINRA, he was the Director of the Executive Secretariat in the Office of the U.S. Trade Representative. William also served as a Deputy Associate Counsel at the White House, advising primarily on appointments and investigations. Before the White House, he practiced at large firms in New York. William clerked for Judge Robert L. Carter in the Southern District of New York.

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Photo of Benjamin Cohen Benjamin Cohen

Benjamin Cohen advises private equity funds and fund managers on various aspects of fund formation, fundraising, deal structuring, investor relations, and business development. He drafts and reviews a range of legal documents including term sheets, limited partnership agreements, private placement memoranda, and subscription

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Benjamin Cohen advises private equity funds and fund managers on various aspects of fund formation, fundraising, deal structuring, investor relations, and business development. He drafts and reviews a range of legal documents including term sheets, limited partnership agreements, private placement memoranda, and subscription agreements. Benjamin also manages organizational processes, fund governance, and securities law matters.

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  • Posted in:
    Banking, Finance and Securities
  • Blog:
    Financial Services Observer
  • Organization:
    Greenberg Traurig, LLP
  • Article: View Original Source

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