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Status of Section 232 Actions by the Trump Administration

By Shara Aranoff, Jay Smith, Marney Cheek, Alexander Chinoy, Vivian Choi & Kate McNulty on July 30, 2025
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Since taking office in January, President Trump has taken a number of actions under Section 232 of the Trade Expansion Act of 1962 (“Section 232”), a statute that authorizes the President to “adjust” imports—including through application of tariffs, quotas, tariff rate quotas, and license fees—where the Department of Commerce (“Commerce”) determines imports threaten to impair U.S. national security. To date, President Trump has invoked Section 232 to impose or modify tariffs on U.S. imports of steel and aluminum, as well as imports of autos and auto parts. The Trump administration has also initiated nine other Section 232 investigations affecting several other sectors since January, and the President has publicly announced that new Section 232 tariffs will be imposed on copper imports effective August 1, with additional Section 232 tariff announcements likely in the coming weeks. This alert provides an overview of the Section 232 actions taken by the Trump administration since January and potential timelines for imposition of future Section 232 tariffs on a range of imports.

Click here to read the full alert on cov.com.

Photo of Shara Aranoff Shara Aranoff

Shara helps clients navigate trade remedies, tariffs, and customs regulations in support of their U.S. and global market strategies.

Shara is the Chair of Covington’s International Trade Practice Group, and co-leads the Customs practice.

Drawing on her 20 years of service in the…

Shara helps clients navigate trade remedies, tariffs, and customs regulations in support of their U.S. and global market strategies.

Shara is the Chair of Covington’s International Trade Practice Group, and co-leads the Customs practice.

Drawing on her 20 years of service in the U.S. government, she develops legal and public policy strategies to assist clients engaging with the U.S. International Trade Commission (ITC), U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP), Congress, and the courts. In high-stakes antidumping and countervailing duty investigations, Shara helps global manufacturers, distributors, and retailers protect their access to the U.S. market. She assists technology, life sciences and manufacturing companies enforce and defend their intellectual property rights in cross-border Section 337 investigations. Chambers praises her for bringing “behind-the-curtain knowledge to the private sector” in proceedings before the ITC by leveraging her experience as a decision maker.

Shara also regularly advises clients in a wide range of industries on Customs compliance and tariff mitigation, including:

Providing legal opinions or seeking Customs rulings on classification, valuation, country of origin, and product marking/labelling.
Conducting internal compliance reviews, drafting compliance policies, and providing training.
Responding to CBP audits and inquiries and filing voluntary disclosures.
Developing strategies to reduce tariffs and take advantage of trusted trader programs.

Prior to joining the firm, Shara was a Commissioner and Chairman of the ITC, where she was a decision-maker in hundreds of Section 337, antidumping, countervailing duty, and safeguard investigations.

She previously served as Senior International Trade Counsel for Senator Max Baucus (D-MT) at the U.S. Senate Committee on Finance, where she was responsible for legislative and policy issues including Trade Promotion Authority; negotiations involving the World Trade Organization and free trade agreements; and trade remedy and customs laws. She was also an attorney-advisor in the Office of the General Counsel at the ITC, where she was lead counsel in litigation before the Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit and the Court of International Trade.

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Photo of Jay Smith Jay Smith

Jay Smith is a partner in the Washington office. He joined the firm after several years as a professor of political science and international affairs, during which he specialized in international trade policy and international dispute settlement. His practice in the International and…

Jay Smith is a partner in the Washington office. He joined the firm after several years as a professor of political science and international affairs, during which he specialized in international trade policy and international dispute settlement. His practice in the International and Litigation groups draws on this academic and policy experience.

He is currently helping clients develop and implement strategies to mitigate supply chain risks arising from U.S. trade actions. In addition, Jay regularly represents respondents in U.S. trade remedy proceedings and related litigation, helping to secure a number of negative injury determinations at the ITC in recent years. Jay also advises clients on the negotiation and enforcement of international treaty commitments under the WTO, bilateral and regional trade agreements such as the USMCA, and other international fora. Much of his policy work is at the intersection of trade and other areas, such as intellectual property, the environment, or labor rights.

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Photo of Marney Cheek Marney Cheek

Marney Cheek has advised companies, non-governmental organizations, and governments on high-stakes international disputes and legal strategy for more than 20 years.

Marney serves as both counsel and advocate before numerous international arbitral tribunals and courts, including the International Court of Justice, U.S. federal…

Marney Cheek has advised companies, non-governmental organizations, and governments on high-stakes international disputes and legal strategy for more than 20 years.

Marney serves as both counsel and advocate before numerous international arbitral tribunals and courts, including the International Court of Justice, U.S. federal court, and major arbitral institutions such as the AAA, ICSID, PCA, and SIAC. She represents clients in complex international commercial disputes, having successfully defended a client in a $1.8 billion claim filed by a collaboration partner. Marney serves as both counsel and arbitrator in numerous investment treaty arbitrations. She is an expert on public international law and currently represents the Government of Ukraine in its landmark cases before the International Court of Justice adverse to the Russian Federation, including Allegations of Genocide under the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (Ukraine v. Russian Federation).

In addition to leading complex disputes, Marney routinely advises clients on public international law matters and issues arising under numerous multilateral treaties. Her pro bono work includes representation of Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty, and she serves on the Steering Committee of Covington’s Wimmer Initiative, a pro bono program that focuses on protecting and advancing media freedom. She also is at the forefront of business and human rights disputes, having represented global labor unions in the first binding arbitration brought under a business and human rights compact, the Bangladesh Accord on Fire and Building Safety.

Drawing upon her experience as Associate General Counsel at the Office of the U.S. Trade Representative, Marney also routinely counsels clients on international trade matters and is a member of the roster of arbitrators for several U.S. free trade agreements.

Marney is a member of the Council on Foreign Relations and serves as a Vice President of the American Society of International Law. She is also a member of the Board of Directors of the Robert H. Jackson Center. She has previously taught investment law at Columbia University School of Law. She is recognized as an “extraordinarily thoughtful” and “creative” lawyer with a “wealth of knowledge” on international law matters in Chambers and Legal 500.

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Photo of Alexander Chinoy Alexander Chinoy

Alex Chinoy assists clients with the resolution of inbound U.S. trade disputes, appearing before a range of U.S. courts and agencies. He is an accomplished trade litigator who has represented clients at both the U.S. International Trade Commission (ITC) and the U.S. Department…

Alex Chinoy assists clients with the resolution of inbound U.S. trade disputes, appearing before a range of U.S. courts and agencies. He is an accomplished trade litigator who has represented clients at both the U.S. International Trade Commission (ITC) and the U.S. Department of Commerce (DOC) in antidumping (AD) and countervailing duty (CVD) investigations. He has also been involved in more than 30 Section 337 unfair import investigations before the ITC. He has appeared in a range of other trade enforcement and regulatory matters, including litigation at the Court of International Trade (CIT) and the Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit (CAFC), involving actions against U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP), the DOC, and the ITC. 

Outside the courtroom, Alex assists clients with a range of CBP compliance and enforcement matters, including inter partes IP enforcement proceedings, 19 CFR 177 ruling requests, investigative inquiries including RASAs and audits, prior disclosures, penalty notice responses, development of corrective action plans, and tariff evaluation and mitigation counseling.

In addition to his litigation and customs work, Alex has been repeatedly recognized by Chambers for his work at the ITC, with sources noting he is “impressive beyond his years of practice.” Alex is a past President of the ITC Trial Lawyers Association, the leading bar association for Section 337 practitioners. He has hands-on experience with every phase of Section 337 investigations. He has participated in a dozen hearings at the ITC ranging from trials on violation to enforcement hearings and temporary relief proceedings. His experience spans every phase of 337 litigation, from pre-complaint counseling through appeal of final ITC determinations to the CAFC, with a particular focus on disputes and counseling involving CBP enforcement of ITC exclusion orders.

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Photo of Vivian Choi Vivian Choi

Vivian (Sooan) Choi is special counsel in the Washington office who advises clients on international trade matters. Previously, Vivian has worked with the World Trade Organization and the Republic of Korea’s trade ministry in various roles.

Vivian also has experience representing companies in…

Vivian (Sooan) Choi is special counsel in the Washington office who advises clients on international trade matters. Previously, Vivian has worked with the World Trade Organization and the Republic of Korea’s trade ministry in various roles.

Vivian also has experience representing companies in a broad range of corporate transactions.

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Photo of Kate McNulty Kate McNulty

Kate McNulty advises U.S. and international clients on a range of complex international trade issues, dynamic U.S. and global tariff matters, and related trade compliance questions, including tariff stacking. She provides legal, policy, and strategic advice to companies, trade associations, and governments on…

Kate McNulty advises U.S. and international clients on a range of complex international trade issues, dynamic U.S. and global tariff matters, and related trade compliance questions, including tariff stacking. She provides legal, policy, and strategic advice to companies, trade associations, and governments on international economic policy matters, and assists clients in navigating geopolitical risk. She advises clients on the negotiation and enforcement of international trade agreements, including enforcement proceedings arising under the facility-specific rapid response labor mechanism of the USMCA.

Kate regularly represents clients before U.S. agencies such as the Office of the U.S. Trade Representative (USTR) and the U.S. Department of Commerce, including in proceedings arising under Section 301 of the Trade Act of 1974 and Section 232 of the Trade Expansion Act of 1962. She also litigates before the U.S. Court of International Trade and represents clients in antidumping and countervailing duty (AD/CVD) proceedings.

Prior to joining Covington, Kate held various positions in the U.S. government. Most recently, Kate served in the Office of Multilateral Trade Affairs at the U.S. Department of State from 2009 to 2018, where she managed trade enforcement matters for the Department—including U.S. government actions under Section 301 and Section 232—and also participated in the negotiation of international trade agreements on behalf of the U.S. government.

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  • Posted in:
    Antitrust, Competition and Trade
  • Blog:
    Global Policy Watch
  • Organization:
    Covington & Burling LLP
  • Article: View Original Source

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