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Why Numbers on Paragraphs Appear to Matter in Building a Digital Legal Library

By Kevin O'Keefe on May 27, 2026
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For those of you following along with the building of the Library at LexBlog, I learned something new this week.

You need to include numbers for each paragraph in a published work that is digitally native. Otherwise, the judge and the opposing side cannot see, in particular, what you referenced in a pleading, brief, memorandum or another document.

What this appears to mean is that publishers, including LexBlog, as we build the Library at LexBlog to preserve and structure publishing for citation, will want to build the paragraph numbers into each published work in addition to other structural features of a library. Otherwise, no one could cite the published works you’ve preserved.

I was scratching my head over this for a week plus. What’s the unique citation that draws someone into what they are looking for? Something was missing between author records and the citations I used as a lawyer.

When I practiced law, I cited insight and commentary in the case of law reviews, treatises, and whatnot, by the particular author, the name of the publication, the law review, etc. And I cited, among other things, the page number so that the judge or the opposing side could go to the source, open the particular page to see what I cited. In some cases, I “photocopied” a published work and highlighted the relevant citations for the judge and the other side.

There are no page numbers in the case of a digital copy, and you’re certainly not highlighting anything, so that’s why there are actual numbers for the paragraphs. Certain courts and jurisdictions increasingly rely on paragraph numbering for citation to digital materials.

So it’s an interesting process learning as we go in building the Library at Lexblog.

when you are building something new, you’re out on the frontier discovering what you need to know and what you need to add to the building process as you go. The key is a belief that what you are doing is important and that you’ll clear the hurdles by remembering that.

Photo of Kevin O'Keefe Kevin O'Keefe

I am a trial lawyer, turned legal tech entrepreneur, now leading the largest community of legal publishers in the world at LexBlog, Inc.

I am a lawyer of 39 years. Wanting to be a lawyer since I was a kid, I have loved…

I am a trial lawyer, turned legal tech entrepreneur, now leading the largest community of legal publishers in the world at LexBlog, Inc.

I am a lawyer of 39 years. Wanting to be a lawyer since I was a kid, I have loved almost every minute of it.

I practiced as a trial lawyer in rural Wisconsin for 17 years, representing plaintiffs, whether they were injury victims and their family members or small businesses.

In the mid-nineties, I discovered the Internet in the form of AOL. I began helping people by answering questions on AOL message boards and leading AOL’s legal community.

I later started my own listservs and message boards to help people on personal injury, medical malpractice, workers compensation and plaintiff’s employment law matters. Though we were green to technology and the Internet, USA Today said if my firm “didn’t stop what we were doing, we would give lawyers a good name.”

In 1999, I closed my law firm and we moved, as a family of seven, to Seattle to start my first company. Prairielaw.com was a virtual law community of people helping people, a sort of AOL on the law, featuring message boards, articles, chats, listervs and ask-a-lawyer.

Prairielaw.com was sold to LexisNexis, where it was incorporated into Martindale-Hubbell’s lawyers.com.

After a stint as VP of Business Development at LexisNexis, I founded LexBlog out of my garage in 2004 (no affiliation with LexisNexis).

Knowing lawyers get their best work from relationships and a strong word of mouth reputation, and not promoting themselves, I saw blogging as a perfect way for lawyers to build relationships and a reputation.

When I could not find someone to help me with my own blog, I started a company to provide what I needed. Strategy, professional design, platform, coaching, SEO, marketing and free ongoing support.

As a result of the outstanding work of my team of twenty and my blogging, the LexBlog community has grown to a community of over 30,000 legal professionals, world-wide.

Publishing my blog, Real Lawyers, now in its 18th year, I share information, news, and commentary to help legal professionals looking to network online, whether it be via blogging or other social media.

Blogging also enables me to think through my ideas – out loud and in an engaging fashion.

In addition to my blog, I liberally share others’ insight on Twitter. Feel free to engage me there as well on LinkedIn and Facebook.

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