*A conversation with Director Kross and Dr. Wessel Geursen
Earlier this year, one of the editors of eulawenforcement.com had the chance to discuss the interesting topic of the gestation of a competition authority and the challenges it faces in its
Latest from EU Law Enforcement - Page 3
When Seeing Isn’t Believing: Deepfakes, Financial Markets, and the Limits of EU Enforcement
In finance, trust is everything, but what happens when even our eyes and ears fail us? Recent cases show this is no longer a theoretical concern. Deepfake technology, powered by neural networks trained on massive datasets, can analyze audio, video,
Mental Accounting and Market Definition in Antitrust: How Behavioral Biases Reshape Competitive Boundaries
In the intricate world of antitrust law, the definition of a relevant market stands as a cornerstone of competition analysis, yet its foundational assumptions are increasingly being questioned. This process, which identifies the boundaries of competition between firms, has traditionally
[REPOST] From coordination to cooperation, a step change in EU competition law enforcement
As markets become increasingly cross-border, the landscape for EU competition enforcement is evolving. The review of Regulation 1/2003 offers a unique chance to take the next step: from coordination to genuine cooperation, through joint investigations and joint decisions.
The success
Practitioner Networks complementing the Compliance Assurance Toolkit in EU environmental law
EU environmental law forms the foundation of approximately 80% of all national environmental regulations. At the same time, national authorities are struggling with significant difficulties in enforcing EU environmental law, one reason being that violations of environmental law rarely
Can the Public Be Trusted? Navigating the Complex Terrain of Voluntary Compliance in Modern Regulation
In the evolving landscape of regulatory governance, few concepts generate as much enthusiasm—and skepticism—as voluntary compliance. Across jurisdictions and different regulatory domains, policymakers increasingly champion the notion that citizens and regulated entities should comply with the law not through coercion,
Regulation as Agreement: Rethinking the Hard–Soft Divide
Introduction
It is common to view agreements between regulators and regulated entities, such as enforcement settlements, voluntary compliance agreements, and even permits and licenses, as a specific regulatory tool grounded in negotiation, exchange, and consensus. In a forthcoming article in
Data Protection Rights Born of Recent Reform in Georgian Law
Introduction
On June 14, 2023, the Parliament of Georgia took a significant step toward safeguarding personal privacy by adopting a new Law “On Personal Data Protection”. Entering into force on March 1, 2024, the legislation marks a transformative shift
Quis custodies ipsos custodes? Vivacom Bulgaria (C‑369/23) and the relationship between ‘two autonomies’ of EU law
In 1861, Mill wondered how to hold to account Parliament, which checks the Ministers’ actions, but whose own behaviour is subject to little control. A similar logic is inherent to another branch of government: the judiciary. Legislation usually sets up
New book ‘Regulation in Australia’ by Arie Freiberg
In May 2025 a second edition of Regulation in Australia was published.
This book provides a comprehensive analysis of the nature of regulation, its origins and development in Australia, why governments regulate, how they regulate, and who regulates whom at