Topic
Border Enforcement
291 published works
China Law Insight
借《海关法》“大修”之际 展望中国海关进出口监管制度的发展趋势（上）
By King & Wood
作者：刘新宇 郑银莹 冯素芳 冯晓鹏 景云峰 孙兴 陈起超（Frankie） 蒋睿馨 张波 熊祎 杨伊萍 董梦 《海关法》是进出境活动应当遵循的基本法律规范。现行《海关法》于2000年全面修订并确立了现在的主要监管制度，2001年1月1日起施行，到2020年已经是第20个年头。随着国务院机构改革后出入境检验检疫职责并入海关，以及近年来海关基于简政放权和高效监管推行的一系列业务改革和制度创新，很多方面已经突破了《海关法》的现有规定，《海关法》的再次“大修”也提上了议事日程。 近年来，针对海关法的修订事宜，金杜律师事务所也做了大量工作，尤其是通过金杜与中国人民大学法学院共同创办的中国人民大学海关与外汇法律研究所等，对海关法的修订进行了深入、系统的研究，并做了很多理论与实践联系的相关工作。 金杜海关业务团队结合多年来进出口监管法律领域实务工作经验，对海关进出口监管主要制度，以及近年来的发展变化进行了比较系统的梳理，同时也对未来的发展趋势作出展望。 一、海关进出口监管主要法律制度及监管要点 海关进出关境[1]监管的法律依据体系包括《海关法》及相关法律、行政法规、海关规章及公告，基本如下： 从上图中可以看出海关进出口监管的特点：一是覆盖领域广。海关监管对象包括4类：进出境运输工具、进出口货物、进出境物品、相关出入境人员[2]；可以说涉及“有形”的进出境活动的方方面面。二是业务分类细。涉及进出口企业注册登记、申报、查验、归类、价格、原产地、加工贸易、禁限性管制、商品检验、动植物检疫、食品安全、卫生检疫、特殊监管区域、海关稽查、行政处罚等诸多业务门类，管理规定具体而详细。三是监管措施多。除了184部规章以外，还有大量的实务操作和规范要求体现在超过2200部的海关公告中，数量庞大。而某一项进出口活动往往涉及多部海关规章、多个海关公告所设定的管理制度，因此对于企业的合规要求很高。 二、海关进出口监管重点领域近年来发展变化 近年来海关不断深化业务改革，目的是在“管得住”的前提下实现“通得快”，达成促进贸易安全与便利的双重目标。特别是在国家持续推进简政放权、营造良好营商环境的大背景下，海关进出境监管的理念、通关作业的模式、执法手段的运用等，都发生了很多变化。掌握这些制度变化、业务改革的实质，对于企业获得更多便利、提升合规水平、防范违法风险等都具有积极意义。 （一）通关监管方面——流程更加优化，但企业合规要求并未降低 近年来，围绕提高通关效率、创新进出口模式，海关实施了一系列通关业务改革，其中最具里程碑意义的当属“全国通关一体化”“两步申报”和“跨境电商新政”。 全国海关通关一体化从2017年7月1日开始实施。其最主要的影响包括两方面：一是企业可以根据自身需要选择在任意地点报关进口，彻底消除了申报的关区限制，便利化程度大大提升；二是海关审核模式发生根本性改变，由原来各地海关的分散审核，改为集中统一审核，海关总署设立的三个风险防控局和税收征管局分别对安全准入风险和涉税要素进行把控，执法标准更加统一，对于归类错误、价格异常等问题也更容易查发。 “两步申报”从2020年1月1日开始全面实施。原有的申报过程拆分为两个环节：第一步概要申报只需要申报是否属于禁限管制和法检商品，之后即可提离货物；如果叠加使用“提前申报”模式，可以实现…
ImmigrationProf Blog
Fact Sheet: DHS Measures on the Border to Limit the Further Spread of Coronavirus
The U.S. Department of Homeland Security today released a "Fact Sheet: DHS Measures on the Border to Limit the Further Spread of Coronavirus." The fact sheet begins:"In order to limit…
ImmigrationProf Blog
Need Some Binge-Watching Material? Season 2 of The Trade
Are you subject to a stay at home order? One possibility for a (sober) diversion of binge-watching. Showtime has all of the Season 2 season of the Trade on line;…
The Right Coast
Mexico blocks hundreds of migrants from crossing border span
CIUDAD HIDALGO, Mexico (AP) Mexican authorities closed a border entry point in southern Mexico on Saturday after thousands of Central American migrants tried to push their way across a bridge…
Canada-U.S. Blog
The CBSA has announced a significant change to the NEXUS Program rules
On October 25, 2019, the Canada Border Services Agency ("CBSA") announced that they were modernizing NEXUS kiosks across Canada, starting with Vancouver airport, to use facial recognition technology. Hidden in…
ImmigrationProf Blog
Immigration Article of the Day: Extraterritorial Rights in Border Enforcement by Fatma E. Marouf
Extraterritorial Rights in Border Enforcement by Fatma E. Marouf, Washington and Lee Law Review, Forthcoming AbstractRecent shifts in border enforcement policies raise pressing new questions about the extraterritorial reach of…
The Right Coast
Spanish police saved from sea by smugglers they were chasing
Madrid (AFP) - Three Spanish police officers who were thrown into the sea when their boat crashed early Friday during a high-speed chase were pulled to safety by the drug-smugglers…
ImmigrationProf Blog
Migration Policy Institute Report Sketches Factors Behind U.S.-Mexico Border “Crisis” & Outlines Key Elements for New Strategy
Apprehensions at the U.S.-Mexico border are likely to approach the 1 million mark this fiscal year, a remarkable turnaround for a U.S. border security environment that just two years ago…
Canada-U.S. Blog
Canada’s new cannabis laws confuse even the CBSA
The use of cannabis is legal in Canada. The Cannabis Act, Bill C-45, was passed by Canada's House of Commons on November 27, 2018 and the Senate on June 7,…
Family Law Prof Blog
3-Year-Old Forced To Choose Between Parents At Border
By Family Law
From NPR:Customs and Border Protection officials are denying that a Border Patrol agent asked a 3-year-old girl to choose which of her parents would be sent back to Mexico.A Honduran…