Healthcare’s rapid transformation—spanning nanomedicine, targeted cancer therapies, electronic health records, and the integration of artificial intelligence (AI)—has ushered in exceptional advances in healthcare, alongside an unprecedented expansion of cyber risk. Threat actors are increasingly drawn to healthcare because personal health information (PHI) is both highly sensitive and valuable, making the sector a prime target for theft, extortion, and operational disruption. The scale of exposure is stark—PHI breaches surged from approximately 6 million in 2010 to 170 million in 2024, reflecting both the growing attack and escalating sophistication of cybercriminals.
