State attorneys general from Louisiana, Missouri, Oklahoma, Texas, Michigan, Nebraska, and South Dakota have joined Arkansas (collectively the “States”) in an amicus brief to the Eighth Circuit, urging the court not to join the Seventh Circuit and Second Circuit in interpreting Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 (“Title VII”) to prohibit sexual orientation discrimination.
The States submitted this brief in a case brought by Mark Horton against Midwest Geriatric Management LLC (“Midwest Geriatric”) in which the plaintiff alleges sexual orientation and religious discrimination in violation of Title VII. More specifically, Horton alleges that Midwest Geriatric revoked his job offer after the company learned he was gay. In their brief, the States assert that Horton wrongly petitioned the court to ignore precedent and reverse its prior position that sexual orientation discrimination is not covered by Title VII.
The States argue that until last year, when the Seventh and Second Circuits expanded the scope of Title VII to encompass sexual orientation discrimination, federal courts had unanimously found that sexual orientation was not a protected category under Title VII, and the Eighth Circuit should follow this long-standing view. The States add that, despite numerous opportunities to revise Title VII to include sexual orientation, Congress has chosen not to do so. Finally, the States contend that Horton’s arguments simply are not persuasive.
In addition to the States’ brief, the Eighth Circuit has also received amicus briefs supporting Horton’s argument from 18 other states and Washington D.C., in addition to the U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission and various businesses.
The Eighth Circuit’s decision remains pending, and we will be watching for it. In the meantime, employers operating within the Eighth Circuit—comprising Arkansas, Iowa, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota and South Dakota—are encouraged to evaluate their non-discrimination policies with this potential change to the federal law in mind, to the extent they have not already done so to comply with state or local laws.