Middle East

Introduction: The Gendered Costs of Armed Conflict

Armed conflict often deepens pre-existing inequalities, subjecting women to multiple, overlapping vulnerabilities. In the Israel–Palestine war, women face extreme gender-based harms: the use of sexual violence as a strategic tool of warfare aimed

Law and History Review 43:4 (November 2025) is now published online.British Imperial Constitutional Law and the Zionist Campaign against the Legislative Council in Mandatory PalestineMaya KreinerThe Twentieth-Century Origins of the Medieval Lex Mercatoria ThesisJake DybleGeneral Will or Public Order?

The Israeli military operations in Gaza and the broader Palestinian territories over the last two years present a continuing oppression of Israel against the Palestinians, and have resulted inunprecedented levels of civilian harm and societal devastation. To this day, mass killings and mutilations of civilians, the deliberate starvation of an entire population, widespread displacement, and a near-total destruction of infrastructure continue. These acts