The Iowa Supreme Court recently clarified that a compliant random drug testing program under Iowa law requires excluding those who are not scheduled to work the day of the testing from the pool of employees who could be selected. Hampe
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Federal Appeals Court Holds New Jersey’s Cannabis Law Provides No Private Right of Action
The Third Circuit Court of Appeals has held that the New Jersey Cannabis Regulatory, Enforcement Assistance, and Marketplace Modernization Act (“CREAMMA”) does not permit a private citizen to bring a civil action for enforcement of the provisions prohibiting discrimination against…
DOT Random Drug and Alcohol Testing Rates for 2025
The Department of Transportation’s operating agencies have announced their random drug and alcohol testing rates for 2025. The rates are the same as 2024, except that PHMSA has increased its random drug testing rate to 50%.
Agency2025 Random Drug Testing…
Florida Employers Should Consider Accommodations for Off-Duty Use of Medical Marijuana, Court Rules
Florida law requires employers to consider accommodations for off-duty use of medical marijuana, a Florida state court has held and granted the plaintiff’s motion for summary judgment. Giambrone v. Hillsborough County, No. 20-CA-4719 (Fla. 13th Cir. Ct. Dec. 10, 2024).…
Marijuana Ballot Initiatives Approved in Nebraska, Defeated in Three Other States

Nebraska voters approved medical cannabis measures, while voters in Florida, North Dakota, and South Dakota rejected ballot initiatives to legalize recreational cannabis on election day.
Nebraska Medical Cannabis Measures
Nebraska voters approved Ballot Initiatives 437 and 438, which legalize and…
Pittsburgh to Limit Employers’ Ability to Drug-Test Medical Marijuana Patients

The Pittsburgh City Council unanimously passed an ordinance prohibiting discrimination against medical marijuana patients in the workplace and limiting certain types of marijuana drug testing by employers as to these patients. Mayor Ed Gainey is expected to sign the measure…
DEA Will Hold Public Hearing to Address Marijuana Rescheduling
The Drug Enforcement Administration announced on August 29, 2024 that it will hold a public hearing to address the proposed rescheduling of marijuana from Schedule I to Schedule III of the federal Controlled Substances Act (CSA). The hearing will take…
Impact of Ohio Legal Recreational Marijuana on Employers: All Smoke and No Fire?

In November 2023, Ohio passed a recreational marijuana law. Sales of recreational marijuana began on August 6 in the Buckeye State, and employers can expect an uptick in employee use.
Employers’ rights with respect to marijuana use are unaffected by…
Minnesota Will Allow Oral Fluid Testing For Drugs, Cannabis and Alcohol
Minnesota will amend its drug testing law to permit oral fluid testing for drugs, cannabis and alcohol, effective August 1, 2024.
The Drug and Alcohol Testing in the Workplace Act (“DATWA”) currently requires employers who conduct drug and alcohol testing…
Department of Justice Publishes Notice of Proposed Rulemaking to Reschedule Marijuana to Schedule III
The Department of Justice (DOJ) published a Notice of Proposed Rulemaking to reschedule marijuana from Schedule I to Schedule III of the federal Controlled Substances Act (CSA) in the Federal Register on May 21, 2024. If the rule is finalized,…